Dictionary

See intended population.

A policy that seeks to direct an intervention (benefit or service) to the intended population, to minimize the coverage of those not intended to be beneficiaries (errors of inclusion) and the noncoverage of intended beneficiaries (errors of exclusion). (We prefer to avoid using the term targeting in relation to an act of implementation.)

See eligibility criteria.

See multi-tenancy.

When a beneficiary continuously fails to comply with conditionalities or co-responsibilities over a longer period, some countries cancel or terminate benefits and exit the family from the program (usually permanently or for a significant duration of time before one can reapply, barring appeals).

A client-server architecture that is made up of three layers: the data layer, business logic layer, and presentation layer. This is also known as model view controller (MVC) architecture.

• Business logic layer. The layer that contains the programs (lines of code) that implement the logic of the application’s core functionality.
• Data layer. The layer that contains the database in which information is stored and from which it is retrieved. Data in this layer is kept independent of business logic.
• Presentation layer. The part that constitutes the front-end layer of the application and contains the user interface with which end-users interact through a web-based application to access the information system.

Measures that aim to improve employability and are financed by public bodies. All training measures should include some evidence of classroom teaching, or if in the workplace, supervision specifically for the purpose of instruction. Includes institutional training, and workplace training, alternate training, and apprenticeships.

A complete system solution, including software and hardware, that is sold to the purchasing organization as a complete product without the need for additional configuration and can be used immediately once installed or implemented.